Sep – Oct 2025

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Pg 6-7 The gender exercise gap

References
  1. World Health Organisation: Global levels of inactivity in adults: off track for 2030. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2022
  2. Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):219–29.
  3. Strain T, Brage S, Sharp SJ, Richards J, Tainio M, Ding D, et al. Use of the prevented fraction for the population to determine deaths averted by existing prevalence of physical activity: a
    descriptive study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(7): e920–e30.
  4. Ji H et al Sex differences in association of physical activity with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2024. Vol 83, No 8
  5. Stamatakis E et al Device measured intermittent lifestyle physical activity (ILPA) and major
    adverse cardiovascular events: evidence of sex differences. Br J Sports Med. 2024; 0:1-9

Pg 8-11 Optimising GLP-1 therapy: The critical role of lifestyle

References
  1. Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. Unhealthy Numbers: The Rising Cost of Obesity in the UK. London: Tony Blair Institute; 2023. Available from: https://www.institute.global/insights/public-services/unhealthy-numbers-the-rising-cost-of-obesity-in-the-uk
  2. Department of Health and Social Care. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Years 12 to 15 (2019 to 2023). London: DHSC; 2024. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey-2019-to-2023
  3. Harris E. Poll: Roughly 12% of US adults have used a GLP-1 drug, even if unaffordable. JAMA.
    2024;332(1):8. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10333
  4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Overweight and obesity: medicines and surgery. NICE guideline NG246. London: NICE; 2025 Jan 14. Available from:
    https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng246/chapter/Medicines-and-surgery
  5. British Dietetic Association, British Nutrition Foundation. Joint policy statement regarding GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists in people living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes. Birmingham: BDA; 2024 Mar. Available from: https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/joint-
    policy-statement-regarding-glp-1-gip-receptor-agonists-in-people-living-with-obesity-and-or-
    type-2-diabetes.html
  6. Mosley J. Food Noise. 2025.Publisher Octopus books.
  7. Klair N, Patel U, Saxena A, et al. What is best for weight loss? A comparative review of the safety and efficacy of bariatric surgery versus glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue. Cureus.
    2023;15(9):e46197. doi:10.7759/cureus.46197. PMID: 37905277; PMCID: PMC10613430
  8. Rubino D, Greenway FL, Khalid U, et al. Effect of semaglutide on body composition in adults with overweight or obesity: Exploratory analyses of the STEP 1 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(1):93–106. doi:10.1111/dom.14524.
  9. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology. Landmark weight loss with tirzepatide confirmed in SURMOUNT-1 trial. Endocr Pract. 2023. Available from:
    https://www.endocrinepractice.org/article/S1530-891X(23)00790-5/fulltext
  10. Rubin R. Obesity rates fall slightly in the U.S. for the first time in a decade. US News & World Report. 2024 Dec 13. Available from: https://www.usnews.com/news/health-
    news/articles/2024-12-13/u-s-adult-obesity-rate-fell-in-2023-as-use-of-glp-1-meds-rose
  11. Lundgren JR, Janus C, Jensen SBK, et al. Healthy weight loss maintenance with semaglutide
    2.4 mg after initial weight loss: A randomized controlled trial (STEP 4). Lancet Diabetes
    Endocrinol. 2021;9(9):594–604.
  12. Hurtado MD, Tama E, Fansa S, et al. Weight loss response to semaglutide in postmenopausal
    women with and without hormone therapy use. Menopause. 2024;31(4):266–274
  13. Kennedy C, Hayes P, Salama S, Hennessy M, Fogacci F. The effect of semaglutide on blood
    pressure in patients without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med.
    2023;12(3):772. doi:10.3390/jcm12030772
  14. Beanfield J, Mitsunori M, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with
    obesity and prevalent heart failure: a prespecified analysis of the SELECT trial. The Lancet.
    2024;404(10586)
  15. Krumholz HM, de Lemos JA, Sattar N, et al. Tirzepatide and blood pressure reduction:
    stratified analyses of the SURMOUNT-1 randomised controlled trial. Heart. 2024;110(19):1165–1171. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324170. PMID: 39084707; PMCID: PMC11420724
  16. Carmina E, Longo RA. Semaglutide treatment of excessive body weight in obese PCOS
    patients unresponsive to lifestyle programs. J Clin Med. 2023;12(18):5921. doi:10.3390/jcm12185921
  17. Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of 3.0 mg of liraglutide in weight management. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):11–22. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1411892.
  18. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989–1002. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2032183
  19. Rubino D, Abrahamsson N, Davies M, et al. Effect of continued weekly subcutaneous semaglutide vs placebo on weight loss maintenance in adults with overweight or obesity: the
    STEP 4 randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2022;24(1):93–106. doi:10.1111/dom.14524
  20. Exercise and diet still top Britons’ preference for losing weight despite NHS interest in weight loss jabs. Ipsos; 2024. Available at: https://www.ipsos.com/en-uk/exercise-diet-still-top-
    britons-preference-losing-weight-despite-nhs-interest-weight-loss-jabs    . Accessed June 2025.
  21. Lundgren JR, Janus C, Jensen SBK, et al. Healthy weight loss maintenance with semaglutide
    2.4 mg after initial weight loss: A randomized controlled trial (STEP 4). Lancet Diabetes
    Endocrinol. 2021;9(9):594–604. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00224-3
  22. Davis CL, Lorig K. Lifestyle Interventions for Obesity. JAMA. 2024;332(1):16–18. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.7062. This editorial discusses the role of lifestyle interventions in
    obesity treatment, emphasizing their importance even with the advent of pharmacotherapy
  23. Golovaty I, Hagan S. Lifestyle Intervention Requirements for Novel Antiobesity Medications—Necessary Adjunct or Harmful Gatekeeper? JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(3):254–255. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.6329.

Pg 21-23 The rise of the human: Personal training in the age of AI

References
  1. In its Reskilling in the age of AI. Harvard Business Review. September-October 2023 
  2. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/8-technologies-could-replace-your-trainers-what-do-leon-
    rudge

Pg 23-25 The athletic powerhouse – the glutes

References
  1. Moore D, Semciw AI, Pizzari T. A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF COMMON THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES THAT GENERATE HIGHEST MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN THE GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND GLUTEUS MINIMUS SEGMENTS. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2020 Dec;15(6):856–81.
  2. Biel A. Trail Guide to the Body. Boulder, Co: Books Of Discovery; 2019.
  3. Shah A, Bordoni B. Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Gluteus Medius Muscle [Internet]. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557509/
  4. Inacio M, Ryan AS, Bair WN, Prettyman M, Beamer BA, Rogers MW. Gluteal muscle composition differentiates fallers from non-fallers in community dwelling older adults. BMC Geriatrics. 2014 Mar 25;14(1).
  5. The British Pain Society. British Pain Society Press release: Chronic Pain Costs the UK £billions but Research Funding Is Inadequate | News | British Pain Society [Internet]. www.britishpainsociety.org. 2018. Available from:
    https://www.britishpainsociety.org/mediacentre/news/british-pain-society-press-release-
    chronic-pain-costs-the-uk-billions-but-research-funding-is-inadequate/
  6. Jeong UC, Sim JH, Kim CY, Hwang-Bo G, Nam CW. The effects of gluteus muscle strengthening exercise and lumbar stabilization exercise on lumbar muscle strength and balance in chronic low back pain patients. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2015;27(12):3813–6.
  7. Huang WH, Tang CK, Shih YF. Effectiveness of gluteal control training in chronic low back pain patients with functional leg length inequality. Scientific Reports [Internet]. 2024 Oct 18 [cited 2024 Oct 26];14(1). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39424858/
  8. Rinaldi VG, Prill R, Jahnke S, Zaffagnini S, Becker R. The influence of gluteal muscle strength deficits on dynamic knee valgus: a scoping review. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics. 2022 Aug 17;9(1).
  9. Ladurner A, Fitzpatrick J, O’Donnell JM. Treatment of Gluteal Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review and Stage-Adjusted Treatment Recommendation. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021 Jul 1;9(7):232596712110168.
  10. Hopayian K, Heathcote J. Deep gluteal syndrome: an overlooked cause of sciatica. British Journal of General Practice. 2019 Sep 26;69(687):485–6.
  11. Pumarejo Gomez L, Childress JM. Greater Trochanteric Syndrome [Internet]. PubMed. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from:
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557433/
  12. Gharib S. Dead Butt Syndrome: is it real? [Internet]. Research Gate. 2020. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346108868_Dead_Butt_Syndrome_is_it_real
  13. Clark M, Lucett S, National Academy Of Sports Medicine. NASM’s essentials of corrective exercise training. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011.
  14. Brookbush B. Quick Glute Activation Circuit [Internet]. Brookbush Institute. The Brookbush Institute; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 18]. Available from:
    https://brookbushinstitute.com/videos/quick-glute-activation-circuit

Pg 29-31 The rise and rise of dementia

References
  1. The Alzheimer’s Society
  2. Dementia UK
  3. Alzheimer’s Research UK
  4. Dementia Research Institute
  5. NHS UK

Pg 32-35 Shoulder injuries

References
  1. Steele MC, Lavorgna TR, Ierulli VK, Mulcahey MK. Risk factors for shoulder injuries in female athletes playing overhead sports: a systematic review. Sports Health. 2025 May;17(3):512-22.
  2. Gibson ES, Cairo A, Räisänen AM, Kuntze C, Emery CA, Pasanen K. The Epidemiology of Youth
    Sport‐Related Shoulder Injuries: A Systematic Review. Translational sports medicine.
    2022;2022(1):8791398.
  3. Fernández-Galván LM, Alcain Sein J, López-Nuevo C, Sánchez-Sierra A, Ladrián-Maestro A,
    Sánchez-Infante J. Injury Patterns and Frequency in Swimming: A Systematic Review. Applied
    Sciences. 2025 Feb 6;15(3):1643.
  4. Thomas A, Davis K, Regnier A, Lopes AD. Injury Incidence and Severity Rates in Male Professional Rugby-15’s: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training. 2024 Nov 15;30(2):94-9.
  5. Enata NM, Inclan PM, Brophy RH, Knapik D, Smith MV. The Incidence of Shoulder and Elbow
    Injuries in High School and Collegiate Softball Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Health.
    2025 May;17(3):474-83.
  6. Minelli M, Longo UG, Ranieri R, Pascucci F, Giunti F, Conti M, Catellani F, Castagna A. The epidemiology of shoulder injuries in water polo players: a monocentric descriptive study on clinical and radiological presentation. Journal of clinical medicine. 2024 Mar 27;13(7):1951.
  7. White CS, Garner P, Horsley I, Soundy A. Experiences of Female Rugby Union Players and
    Practitioners in Rehabilitation Following a Shoulder Injury. Sports. 2025 May 28;13(6):166.
  8. Pritchard G, Deshmukh P, Saw AE, Beerworth K, Sims K. Shoulder injuries in elite female
    cricket players: Insights from 8 seasons. medRxiv. 2025 Jan 16:2025-01.
  9. Kamalden TF, Gasibat Q, Samsudin S, Joseph JA. Occurrence of muscle imbalance and risk of
    injuries in athletes using overhead movements: A systematic review. Sport Mont. 2021 Oct
    1;19(3):115-22.
  10. Guilfoyle L, Leahy T, Kenny IC, O’Sullivan K, Purtill H, Comyns T. The incidence, burden and
    impact of tackle injuries in schoolboy Rugby Union. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.
    2025 Jun 6.
  11. Moiroux–Sahraoui A, Mazeas J, Delgado N, Le Moteux C, Acco M, Douryang M, Bjerregaard
    A, Forelli F. Prevention of overhead shoulder injuries in throwing athletes: a systematic
    review. Diagnostics. 2024 Oct 30;14(21):2415.
  12. Andersson SH, Bahr R, Clarsen B, Myklebust G. Preventing overuse shoulder injuries among
    throwing athletes: a cluster-randomised controlled trial in 660 elite handball players. British
    journal of sports medicine. 2017 Jul 1;51(14):1073-80.